When most people hear the word testosterone, they often associate it with men. However, this hormone plays an important part in women’s health too. Though produced in smaller amounts compared to men, testosterone in females helps regulate various physical and emotional processes.
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What Is Testosterone?
Testosterone is a type of androgen, a group of hormones responsible for male traits and reproductive activity. In women, it’s produced in much lower amounts but is no less important.
Women’s bodies naturally produce testosterone in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and through the conversion of other hormones like DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone). This production starts during puberty and continues throughout life, although levels naturally drop with age.
📖 Learn more about androgens and female hormones from the Endocrine Society
How Is Testosterone Produced in the Female Body?
In females:
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Ovaries produce small amounts of testosterone alongside estrogen.
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Adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, also release testosterone.
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Peripheral tissues convert other hormones like DHEA into testosterone.
These combined sources keep blood testosterone levels steady, although they fluctuate naturally during the menstrual cycle and decrease with age, especially during and after menopause.
Functions of Testosterone in Females
Though often overlooked, testosterone is involved in a range of body functions for women:
Mood and Mental Wellbeing
Testosterone affects neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, influencing mood, confidence, and emotional stability. Balanced levels are linked to better mental clarity and lower risk of mood swings.
Energy and Vitality
This hormone helps regulate energy levels. Low testosterone can lead to fatigue and sluggishness, while balanced amounts contribute to stamina and alertness.
Muscle Strength and Body Composition
Testosterone supports muscle maintenance and bone health. It aids muscle repair and growth, making it easier to maintain lean muscle mass.
Bone Density
Bone strength depends partly on testosterone. Low levels increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, especially after menopause.
Sexual Desire (Libido)
One of testosterone’s better-known roles is in sexual function. It affects desire, arousal, and overall satisfaction. Imbalances may cause changes in libido.
Normal Testosterone Levels in Females
Testosterone levels in women are measured in nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). According to most laboratories:
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Normal range: 15 to 70 ng/dL
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Premenopausal women: 20 to 50 ng/dL
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Postmenopausal women: 15 to 40 ng/dL
It’s natural for levels to decrease with age, but extreme fluctuations can cause noticeable symptoms.
Symptoms of Testosterone Imbalance in Women
Low Testosterone Symptoms
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Constant fatigue
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Low mood or depression
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Reduced muscle strength
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Decreased libido
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Weight gain
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Thinning hair
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Difficulty concentrating
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Fragile bones
Symptoms of High Testosterone
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Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
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Acne or oily skin
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Irregular menstrual cycles
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Deepening voice
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Hair thinning on the scalp
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Increased muscle bulk
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Mood swings or irritability
If you notice any of these, it might be a sign to get tested.
Common Causes of Hormonal Imbalance in Women
Several factors can cause testosterone levels to rise or fall:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A condition where the ovaries produce excessive androgens, including testosterone. It can cause irregular periods, cysts on the ovaries, acne, and hair growth.
Menopause
As estrogen levels drop during menopause, testosterone also declines. This can affect mood, bone density, and sexual health.
Adrenal Disorders
Conditions like Cushing’s syndrome or adrenal tumors can alter hormone production.
Chronic Stress
High cortisol (stress hormone) disrupts hormone balance, including testosterone.
Lifestyle Factors
Poor diet, lack of sleep, excessive alcohol, or inactivity can lower testosterone.
How Are Testosterone Levels Tested in Women?
A simple blood test checks testosterone levels. It’s often done in the morning when hormone levels are highest. Doctors might order other tests for related hormones like estrogen, DHEA, or cortisol for a clearer picture.
Tests may include:
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Total testosterone
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Free testosterone
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DHEA sulfate test
Treatment Options for Testosterone Imbalance
Treatment depends on whether levels are too high or too low.
For Low Testosterone
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Lifestyle adjustments: Regular exercise, balanced diet, sleep hygiene.
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Testosterone therapy: Gels, patches, or injections under medical supervision.
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Supplements: Vitamin D, zinc, and magnesium.
For High Testosterone
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Oral contraceptives
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Anti-androgen medications
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Diet changes
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Weight management
Common Myths and Facts About Testosterone in Women
Myth: Testosterone is only a male hormone.
Fact: It’s vital for female health too.
Myth: Women should avoid testosterone supplements.
Fact: When prescribed, testosterone therapy can safely treat low levels.
Myth: High testosterone always causes masculine features.
Fact: Mild elevations may only cause acne or irregular periods.
Myth: Low testosterone isn’t a concern for women.
Fact: It can lead to fatigue, mood swings, and bone health problems.
FAQs
Q: Can women take testosterone supplements?
A: Yes — under medical supervision, especially for low libido or fatigue.
Q: Is low testosterone common in women?
A: It becomes more common with age and menopause.
Q: How can I naturally support healthy testosterone levels?
A: Regular exercise, balanced diet, good sleep, and stress management.
Q: What foods help balance testosterone?
A: Eggs, avocados, nuts, olive oil, and leafy greens.
Q: Can high testosterone in women be treated?
A: Yes — through lifestyle adjustments, medications, and treating PCOS.
Q: Does menopause lower testosterone in women?
A: Yes — levels typically drop during and after menopause.
Conclusion
The testosterone hormone in females deserves more attention for its role in physical, mental, and emotional health. Being aware of symptoms and causes of imbalance, and knowing when to seek advice, can make a real difference to overall wellbeing.